Panorama Season 38, Episode 36: Mr Ridley's Europe

Triumph Over Tyranny

After fleeing the capital as revolutionary fervour spread, Romanian President Nicolae Ceausescu and his wife were captured and returned to Bucharest to face the revolution's summary justice on Christmas Day 1989.

Suffering for a Solution

David Lomax reports on how patients are suffering as a result of the 1990 ambulance dispute.

Sinking Into Squalor

Bunking Off

Every day this term more than 200,000 pupils will play truant from Britain's schools. In London alone a quarter of all 15-year-olds will be missing from class.

The Winter of Perestroika

As crises mount for President Gorbachev, what about the Russians - the people who will ultimately determine the fate of his revolution?

The Police: In for Questioning

Britain's police are facing a crisis of public confidence. In the wake of the Guildford Four case, the break up of the West Midlands Crime Squad and the Wapping report, there is a widespread fear that the police bend the rules.

Ulster's Regiment - A Question of Loyalty?

August's shooting of a young Catholic, Loughlin Maginn, was the 2,744th murder since the N. Ireland troubles began. But it will be remembered as the killing which triggered off a damaging row between the governments of London and Dublin.

The Debriefing of Colonel G

Who's Afraid of Germany?

East Germans vote next Sunday in their first free elections in over 50 years. But already the hundreds of thousands who have voted with their feet, moving to the west, have settled the issue in favour of 'One Fatherland'.

Poll Taxing Their Loyalty

In England and Wales 38 million people are about to receive their first poll tax bills - many will be higher than Government predictions.

Concrete v. Countryside

In the 90s, Britain will need new roads, houses and industrial developments if it is to prosper in Europe. But birds, plants and animals are under increasing pressure as the concrete spreads.

Falling Through the Net

The very poor in Britain live at the margin. Any crisis, from a house burning down to something as everyday as a child needing new shoes, can push them over the edge. All they can turn to in an emergency is the Government's social fund.

House Prices, Home Truths

More than three million people have joined Britain's army of homeowners since Mrs. Thatcher came to power. But for many, high mortgage rates and the slump in property prices have turned the dream of home ownership into a nightmare.

The Red Army Revolution

The mighty Red Army that Lenin created to defend the Motherland is coming home from camps across Eastern Europe. But it is returning to an uncertain future.

Doctoring the Reforms

18 months ago, the Gov't launched a radical reform of the NHS. It wanted to turn a £20 billion state monolith into an internal market that would offer its 'customers', the patients, a better service, choice, and better value for money.

The Crimes of the Comrades

All over eastern Europe, dark secrets from the past are being unearthed. Many countries face the dilemma of what to do with the former communist dictators and their thugs from state security.

The Big Heat

Steve Bradshaw reports on the effects of global warming.

Rioting for Rights?

One self-confessed ringleader of the Strangeways riot has claimed to Panorama that the disturbance was originally planned as a protest against the prison regime.

Selling Our Schools

As the Government's changes to the education system start to take effect, how well are Britain's schools coping? Roisin McAuley reports on the effects on one typical secondary, Campion School in Leamington, Warwickshire.

Selling Socialism

With Westminster rife with pre-election fever and Labour ahead in the opinion polls, the Leader of the Opposition, the Rt Hon Neil Kinnock , MP, gives his first major television interview of the year.

A Woman's Work

After a rather difficult political year, the Conservatives are now preparing to fight their fourth election campaign under the leadership of Margaret Thatcher. It looks as if it may be the toughest yet for her as well as for her party.

Saddam's Secret Arms Ring

How did the west allow Saddam Hussein to build up his terrifying arsenal of weapons? Jane Corbin reveals the scale of Saddam's arms production network in Britain, Germany and America.

Saddam's Fifth Column

To many Palestinians, Saddam Hussein is a new saviour. Panorama analyses the Saddam-fever that is sweeping through Jordan and the West Bank into Israel. Robin Denselow reports.

Uncle Sam v. Saddam

David Dimbleby and Tom Mangold report from America on the latest developments in the Gulf crisis. Is a compromise still possible? How long will the American people be prepared to support such a massive commitment of American forces?

The Gulf in Our Defences

Britain's defences were undergoing their most drastic review for over a generation when Iraq provoked the Gulf crisis. Fred Emery reports on the controversy raging inside the Ministry of Defence.

Labour's Liverpool Nightmare

Reporter Steve Bradshaw investigates the legacy of Militant Tendency in Liverpool.

Who Pays for the Party?

Gavin Hewitt has been examining who actually pays for the Conservative Party. Why do individuals and companies give and what do they expect in return?

The White Tribe of Africa: Part 1 - Drowning in Blood

An examination of the cause and effect of the savage violence which has been sweeping South Africa, a threat to the peace process which, in Nelson Mandela 's words, could leave the country 'drowning in blood'.

The White Tribe of Africa: Part 2 - No Way Back

President F W de Klerk's promise to abolish all race laws and share power with the black majority has set white against white in South Africa. David Dimbleby meets some who are reconciled to change and others who are determined to resist.

Sins of the Fathers

In an attempt to make the family a lasting commitment, the Government is changing the law to track down fathers who abandon their families so they can be forced to pay maintenance.

The Price of Freedom

David Dimbleby in Potsdam presents a debate with representatives from several European countries on their adjustment to the new freedoms one year on from the fall of the Berlin Wall.

Mr. Major's Medicine

The Chancellor of the Exchequer's decision to take Britain into the Exchange Rate Mechanism provoked short-lived euphoria. Now the British economy has to conquer inflation and compete in Europe with a fixed rate for the pound.

Battle for No.10

The Cruellest Thing

Fred Emery presents a Panorama special about the demise of British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, looking at the final week of her premiership.

International Aids Day

As the world marks international Aids day, Panorama reports on the relentless spread of the disease into the general population. The authorities are still not encouraging those who think they might have the virus to get tested.

Guildford: The Untold Story

The Department of Public Prosecutions is considering whether to prosecute a group of junior Surrey detectives who are alleged to have fabricated the confessions of some of the Guildford Four.